[Note - I will be busy on a mission of mercy for the next week or two. I shall return, God willing.]
I have long sought the answer to the title, reading whatever excerpts I get from the Miami Herald, the NYT and the Washington Post, and still I am not entirely appeased. I have heard the conservative opinion on it, that it is socialism that is the culprit, and I have read the befuddlement of the experts as to why a revolution against the current head of the country, a scoundrel by the name of Nicolas Maduro, has not exploded among a people known to not shy away from violent revolution.
I question much of it, too. I lived a total of just under three years there – half a year in 1987, two years from ’88 to ’90, and a few months in ’93. For my fieldwork I had to know the history of the country, so I read scads of books, as well as contemporary local newspapers and essays. I visited and lived in all portions of the nation except for the Orinoco Delta region, and among all classes of people except for the very rich. I talked with a governor, argued with commandants of the police and military, and had a close encounter with death with two hoodlums with knives. For much of the time, I had a female Puerto Rican native, a fellow researcher who could really speak the language and who could get the women’s point of view. And I was in more contact with the prickly academic elite than I care to remember.
Still, the current horrendous state of the nation fills me with doubts. How the hell could a nation with a comfortably small population, great natural resources, beautiful tropical beaches, and one of the largest oceans of oil under its territory become one of the most dysfunctional countries in the world? North Korea has its psycho leaders and powerful China to back them up, and countries like South Sudan and Syria are mired in endless civil war, but Venezuela? When I was there, I talked to guys in the bars as I would with anyone in the US. I stayed at people’s houses and rented their services and had actual friends among them. They understood the West because their traditions were largely from the West. They were at least nominally Catholic. We understood each other. And now they are fighting over scraps and rats in the street to eat. It was not the world that caused this; there was no invasion, and the world still wants the remaining huge reserves of oil they control. What went wrong?
I’ll skip the history lesson. I do not know why the nation went socialist with Hugo Chavez when it did, but I do know, in hindsight, that something like that was bound to happen, and I do know, as a matter of course, that once the nation went socialist, it was going to go down the tubes.
But this is not a conservative diatribe against socialism. Here’s the thing: socialism can work if the great majority of the citizens consider themselves to be an integral part of the nation, and believe that others believe the same thing. When this is the case, people don’t resent giving large portions of their hard-earned income into the national till, because they feel that they must help their fellow citizens because they will help them as well. They also feel that their government will handle the money responsibly, not using it for personal gain or to manipulate opinion, policy, or people in general. In other words, they feel a commonality with their fellow citizens and trust both them and their elected government officials.
Unfortunately, this is so seldom the case that most people in favor of socialism can only point to a few small, homogeneous and democratic nations for examples of success – and even those are only partly socialistic. To say that socialism would not work in the massive, confrontational diversity of the US is an easy call, but it is even easier to predict disaster for such a system in Venezuela. Here, the division of the populace between a small elite and the masses goes back to its founding in the early 1500’s. This division has never ended, largely because of massive insider corruption. This corruption long ago percolated through the society so that fellow citizens fundamentally do NOT trust each other, and certainly not their leaders, with good reason. Everything from petty theft to colossal government fraud was and still is the rule of the day. In one week, the maid fixing your bed at the hotel will steal your toothpaste, while the vice president will run off to Miami with 70 million stolen dollars, or his nephew with 70 pounds of cocaine. It is the norm. There is little to no trust outside close friends and family (for this reason, the family is so important in Latin America).
So when large-scale socialism was instituted by Chavez, the people rejoiced at the prospect of getting even with the elite and so widely supported him. But almost instantly, the new leader and his people became the new cartel, simply replacing or, in many cases, joining the old. People still had no faith in their fellow citizen or government, but now the corrupt government had even more control of people’s money. Additionally, those political insiders were guaranteed employment no matter how sloppy their work, and the profits of entrepreneurs were increasingly absconded to pay for the great promises of socialism. Now, even the basic incentive of personal gain was lost. So it was that leadership of large enterprises was taken over by incompetent insiders, while the most basic reason for productivity was nixed. What a mess.
I have not answered all my own questions here, and of course my thesis needs greater historical backing to be thorough, but what is clear from Venezuela is this: without basic trust, a more perfect union cannot endure. As one of our founding fathers said (I forget who), nations such as ours – ones with maximum personal freedom and minimum governmental interference – can only exist when the population has a generally high moral character. But that’s nothing compared to socialist governments; when government controls most of the money, as it does in a socialist society, the moral character has to be both high and of a collective nature, where most everyone agrees on most everything of importance, and follows through on those beliefs. Both commonality and trust must prevail.
Such it is with any utopia: it must begin with trust as well as agreement on the fundamentals. To enforce any such system is doomed to failure. People will not be changed; rather, the utopia will collapse, either into chaos and revolution, or into a harsh dictatorship with an elite both unwilling to give up the dream and corrupted by the power they are granted from such dictatorship.
Thus it is not from vengeance or radical cries of “social justice” that good government is born, but rather from a general sense of shared morality and mutual trust. Thus further, a utopia is not initiated by a cynical people, but by a loving people who forward the love. How these loving people are first formed comes, then, not from government, but from the spirit of love. Or, as Christians call it, the Holy Spirit.
As usual, I have jumped ahead to first causes which always and must end in God, but poor Venezuela…torn by fear and jealousy and greed, it sought to remedy these problems through legislation, and then military force. This made the thin glue that held the society together come completely apart. It is not so much a lesson about socialism as it is about human reality – that the national spirit must change before the society and government can – unless one wants to use oppressive force. Venezuelans might want to recall that they have been endowed with one of the greatest sources of positive internal change – Christianity – which has been a part of their culture since the Conquest (as contradictory as that sounds). Like those in other nations, however, they have yet to embrace this philosophy/belief with the numbers necessary to complete the change. That would truly be utopian. But we can at least hope that Venezuelans realize their error – that a utopian society can be legislated by a charismatic leader or a committee and enforced by guns - and get back to the fundamentals of personal responsibility and integrity that are necessary for a free society and financial success. Otherwise, thousands more will die and millions more will flee.